Pharmacotherapeutics II

Pharmacotherapy of hypertension, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and dyslipidemia.

• Hypertension: classification, JNC/ESC clinical guidelines, stepped-care pharmacotherapy
• Ischemic Heart Disease: angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction management
• Congestive Heart Failure: NYHA staging, pharmacological treatment algorithm
• Cardiac Arrhythmias: clinical presentation and treatment approaches
• Hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis: risk stratification and lipid-lowering therapy

Pharmacotherapy of Diabetes Mellitus, thyroid disorders, and osteoporosis.

• Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 and Type 2: diagnostic criteria, ADA guidelines, oral vs insulin therapy
• Diabetic emergencies: Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and hypoglycemia management
• Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism: clinical manifestations and treatment protocols
• Osteoporosis: pathophysiology, calcium/vitamin D supplementation, bisphosphonate therapy

Acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and drug-induced nephrotoxicity.

• Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): etiology, diagnostic markers, pharmacological support
• Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): KDIGO stages, anemia and electrolyte management
• Drug dosing adjustments in renal impairment based on creatinine clearance (CrCl)
• Drug-induced nephrotoxicity: offending agents (NSAIDs, aminoglycosides, contrast dyes) and prevention

Anemias, thromboembolic disorders, common cancers, and cancer supportive care.

• Iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and aplastic anemia pharmacotherapy
• Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism: prophylaxis and anticoagulation protocols
• General principles of cancer pharmacotherapy and regimens for common malignancies
• Management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)
• Febrile neutropenia and pain management in oncology patients (WHO ladder)

Pharmacotherapy of acne, eczema, psoriasis, glaucoma, and ocular infections.

• Acne vulgaris: topical and systemic therapies
• Eczema, contact dermatitis, and psoriasis: corticosteroid potency and emollients
• Fungal and bacterial skin infections: topical vs systemic antifungal/antibacterial regimens
• Glaucoma (open-angle vs closed-angle): prostaglandin analogs, beta-blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
• Conjunctivitis, blepharitis, and dry eye syndrome clinical management